Forging a Fantasy - A (Short) Examination of the Origin of Dwarfs in Popular Fiction

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Published 2024-02-26
Therein lie, | On yonder mountain high, | Treasures hungered for, | By both king and beast of sky.

A (short) examination of the history of dwarfs in myth and fiction, the evolution of their depictions, and their inclusions in various fantasy works.

CHAPTERS

Introduction: 00:00
Pygmies and Ancient Greece: 01:20
Dwarfs in Old Norse Myth: 04:00
Dwarfs in Germanic Folklore Post-Christianization: 18:50
Dwarfs and Tolkien (and Antisemitism): 24:30
Dwarfs in Tabletop Roleplaying: 31:07
Dwarfs in Video Gaming: 41:01
Outro: 43:14

WORKS CITED

Aristotle, History of Animals, Book VIII, Part 12, translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
Simek, Rudolf. Dictionary of Northern Mythology, translated by Angela Hal. 2007, pp. 67-69.
Snorri, Sturluson, and Jesse L. Byock. The Prose Edda: Norse Mythology. London: Penguin, 2005. Print.
Larrington, Carolyne. The Poetic Edda. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Hall, Alaric, "Þur sarriþu þursa trutin": Monster-Fighting and Medicine in Early Medieval Scandinavia, 2009.
Gudmund Schütte, The Nibelungen Legend and Its Historical Basis, 1921
Bronner, Simon J. The Americanization of the Brothers Grimm; Following Tradition. 1998
Brackmann, Rebecca. Dwarves are not heroes: Antisemitism and the Dwarves in J.R.R Tolkien’s Writing. Mythlore, 2010.
Pötzsch, Holger; Hammond, Philip, eds. (2019). War Games: Memory, Militarism and the Subject of Play. New York, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Paizo Publishing, Pathfinder 1st Edition Player's Handbook, 2007
Wizards RPG Team, D&D 5e Player's Handbook, 2014
Etymonline.com. (2024), Online Etymology Dictionary. [Accessed 02/05/2024]
Wikisource.org. (2024) Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs [Accessed 02/08/2024]
Dice-scroller.com. (2024), Most Popular Dnd Classes and Races [Accessed 02/10/2024]

Video Clips and Gameplay Footage

Peter Jackson, Warner Bros., New Line Cinema, ‘The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey’
Peter Jackson, Warner Bros., New Line Cinema, ‘The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Lauren Schmidt Hissrich, ‘The Witcher - S1E6'
’Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Stiftung, 'Die Nibelungen: Siegfried (1924)'
The Walt Disney Company, ‘Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs’
Creative Assembly, ‘Total War: WARHAMMER III Immortal Empires Trailer’
Creative Assembly, ‘Total War: WARHAMMER III Forge of the Chaos Dwarfs Trailer’
Michael Hirst, ‘Vikings’
Peter Jackson, New Line Cinema, ‘The Lord of the Rings Trilogy’
Ralph Bakshi, ‘The Lord of the Rings (1978 Animated Film)’
Trey Parker, ‘South Park - T.M.I’
Dominic Sena, ‘Season of the Witch’
MiloshAi, ‘Lebowski meets hobbits’
BBC, ‘Select Video Interviews of JRR Tolkien (Compiled by Talking About Tolkien)’
BBC, ‘Interview with Dennis Geroult, 1971’
AFI Dallas Film Festival, ‘David Lynch at AFI Dallas Film Festival’
Gameslice, ‘Fallout 4 Interview with Todd Howard [E3 2015]'
Fatshark, ‘“Bardin” - The Song Book’
Omarck01, ‘Final Fantasy VII Summon: 06 Odin
’ FudgeMuppet, ‘The Last of a Dead Race’
GameZine, ‘The Dwarves Gameplay’
Steam Store Page, ‘Dwarves: Glory, Death and Loot'
Steam Store Page, ‘Dwarf Journey’
Steam Store Page, ‘Below the Stone’
Game Mojo, ‘Bronzebeard’s Tavern - Gameplay’
Parable Gaming, ‘Dwarf Starting Zone | WoW Zone Lore’
Steam Store Page, ‘We Are The Dwarves’
Capcom USA, ‘Chronicles of Mystara - The Dwarf’
RetroDre, ‘Golden Axe (Using the Dwarf)- 1/2’
Zedasprata, ‘Neverwinter - Dwarf Cleric Level 60 (Gameplay)’
Dennis Ljeti, Baldurs Gate Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Baldur’s Gate III Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Neverwinter Nights Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Deep Rock Galactic Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Dwarf Fortress Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Total War: WARHAMMER III Gameplay
Dennis Ljeti, Vermintide II Gameplay

Music

The Walt Disney Company, ‘Dig, Dig, Dig/ Heigh-Ho
’ Farya Faraji, Ambient Ancient Greek Music
Wardruna, ‘Völuspá’
Wardruna, ‘Algir-Tognatale’
Alexander Nakarada, ‘Adventure’
Alexander Nakarada, 'Mjolnir'
Alexander Nakarada, ‘Sad Piano Background Song’
Dabu & Simon Swerwer, ‘Drink & Industry’
Blizzard, The Burning Crusade OST, ‘Tavern (Dwarf)’


Thumbnail Art

The Dwarf Forge by GrimoireFantastico, DeviantArt
Dwarven Hall, Steam Store, Iratus: Lord of the Dead Community Items

All Comments (21)
  • @uwuworms8037
    watched all three of your videos and all three are absolute bangers
  • @kahiliistrayhorn
    This video is so good honestly I feel more educated on dwarfs. Keep up the good work!!
  • @IneffabLeigh
    Excellent breakdown! And good on you for touching on the more 'problematic' elements of Tolkien's works. It can be intimidating to say anything remotely 'negative' online about such a beloved figure and his creations, but it's so important to talk about. Came in due to the algorithm recommending the Fear and Hunger vid, loving these other vids as well! =)
  • I like this video very much. It is a nice history of the legendary dwarfs. In ''Lord of the Rings'' my favorite character is Gimli, of course. I have read that many cultures have dwarf-like figures as miners. There is a reasonable argument for that theory. The smaller the man, the smaller the tunnel of the mine. I am also a huge fan of Warcraft and their dwarfs. The dwarfs in that game are about 150 cm in height. I am 166 cm tall, which is pretty short for a man from Serbia. Still, I am proud of my ''dwarven'' height. I don't drink any alcohol, but I like to sing and dance. Dwarfs Forever! <3
  • Awesome video, albeit I wish it covered the dwarves of Glorantha, the Mostali. Truly unique take on them from a TTRPG! Also, as for the Dwemer, they were originally much more conventional fantasy dwarves in the first 2 TES games. Things were changed in Morrowind (thanks to devs other than Todd, IIRC) where they became a sub-race of elves to spice things up.
  • @Jester_Kang
    I’ve always found myself most interested in learning about the Dwarves.
  • @FayN_
    we need more historical fantasy race like this! great video man~
  • @Bushflare
    An excellent essay, though I have a criticism. I'll try to be brief. Whilst I understand you qualified the essay as 'short' I do think you made a critical omission with regards to how dwarves have grown in the collective consciousness and that is in reference to how the iconography of the Tolkein dwarf has evolved to become rooted as much in reality as in fantasy which I personally believe is a massive contributor to why they are so omnipresent in modern pulp fantasy. The characterisation of these dwarves, intentionally or otherwise, shares copious similarities with working class stereotypes and their enmity with elves (who are comparatively upper class in their characterisation) helps to make these two races extremely relatable to people from any walk of life. These pop-culture Dwarves are surly, loud, crude, blunt, short, hairy, and very physical. Their diets are simple and hearty, their alcohol is enjoyed for its strength. Similarly the way dwarven culture and values generally lean masculine in nature (in more ways than just the jokes about women with beards) can also be argued to have evolved from an unconscious intrusion of working class archetypes and tropes (and the same obviously in reverse for the more feminine elves drawing from the more effete upper classes and magnifying the natural differences and even opposition between the two races in popular culture.) These traits shared with stereotypical working classes across the globe (even if common depictions of Dwarves are European in nature) and I believe they mapped very naturally onto the existing traits of the dwarves of European fantasy to create the hybrid of relatably real and fantastically bizarre that characterise the pop-culture dwarf. I firmly believe a huge contributing factor to the disappearance over time of certain historical Dwarven traits is how the pop-culture archetype drawn from the working classes is such a relatable and evocative force that its traits have out-competed many historical traits to create a sort of... forgive my cringeness... apex Dwarf. Moreover, this process of refinement which you alluded to in your outro has created the shared image of the Dwarf which fantasy fans have slowly brought into being via consensus and which is now so clear in its conception that deviations from the formula are quickly identifiable and it's a process I have seen occurring with multiple fantasy symbols over time outside of any specific creators' lore. There has come to exist a sort of crowdsourced platonic ideal for Dwarves but also of Elves and various other races, classes, and monsters (amongst other categories) and these symbols exist and are referenced frequently in media without any set world or lore such as Baalbuddy's comics. To surmise my criticism is that in describing the Dwarves the parallel with real-world stereotypes ought to not be omitted and that when discussing any symbol of fantasy in modernity the shared conception of the symbol outside of specific lore ought to be addressed as readily as their representation in prominent fiction. With that all said I'd like to reiterate I think you've done an amazing job on the essay and I'm eager to see more.
  • @luc_zero
    incredible!!! what an amazing work you did!
  • @nids-_-kul
    Great job dude, can't wait to see what you put out next!
  • Love this but was sad that Terry Pratchett wasn't mentioned.... His dwarves were Tolkieneque and yet something new as well