Ötzi the Iceman and the Copper Age World

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Published 2022-05-22
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Over five thousand years ago in the Tyrolean Alps, a hunter was shot to death in a high mountain pass. His body would be covered by a glacier and preserved until its discovery in 1991.

What can this unprecedented level of preservation tell us about not only Ötzi the Tyrolean Iceman… but the Copper Age world that he came from?

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The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age - Anthony Harding and Harry Fokkens ➜ amzn.to/3lBEKkc

New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman’s origin - A. Keller et al (2011)
Land use in the eastern alps during the bronze age - A. Schmidl (2005)
Neolithic and Bronze Age Archery Equipment from Alpine Ice - Junkmanns et al (2019)
Mobility in the Mountains: Late Third and Second Millennia Alpine Societies’ Engagements with the High-Altitude Zones in the Southern French Alps - K. Walsh and F. Mocci (2011)
The Iceman’s Last Meal - Maixner et al (2018)
Prehistoric landscapes of the Dolomites - Visentin (2015)
Seventy-five mosses and liverworts found frozen with the late Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman - James Dickson (2019)
Therapeutic Tattoos and Ancient Mummies - Dario Piombino-Mascali and Lars Krutak (2020)
Metal Casting Equipment in the Bronze Age Burials in Europe - А. V. Batasova (2021)
The Iceman’s lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use - Ursula Wierer et al (2018)
The Late Neolithic settlement of Latsch, Vinschgau, northern Italy: subsistence of a settlement contemporary with the Alpine Iceman, and located in his valley of origin - Daniela Festi et al (2011)

(... and many more research papers)

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Video Chapters

00:00 Ötzi the Iceman
03:26 Sponsorship
04:30 Who was Ötzi?
05:07 Ötzi's Clothing
06:16 Ötzi's Gear
07:45 How old was Ötzi?
07:55 How big was Ötzi?
09:00 Ötzi's Diet
10:18 Ötzi's Medical Conditions
11:17 Ötzi's Tattoos
11:54 Ötzi's Health
14:05 What did Ötzi look like?
16:31 Was Ötzi a metalworker?
20:22 Was Ötzi a shepherd?
22:36 Was Ötzi vegetarian?
22:55 The Neolithic diet
24:37 Was Ötzi a hunter?
26:16 Was Ötzi a warrior?
27:50 Copper Age Europe
29:31 Where did Ötzi live?
31:00 What culture did Ötzi come from?
34:24 Ötzi's DNA
35:07 Copper use in Neolithic Europe
36:06 the Oldest Wheels in the World
36:52 Ötzi's relatives
37:47 Ötzi's last hours - what actually happened?

All Comments (21)
  • @DanDavisHistory
    Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed the video please hit "like" as it makes a big difference. Enter at www.omaze.com/dandavis for your chance to win a trip of a lifetime on the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, and support a great cause, International Medical Corps.
  • he was at 46 scalling a mountain in 3k bc, I think that's very impressive
  • @SeaDog337
    5:52 There's a practical reason for the ends of his cape being unwoven. Like any fringed garment, the loose ends help to shed water by breaking up the surface tension.
  • @kaw8473
    I desperately want to sit at a campfire and have a conversation with him. He wasn't an animal, he was a man who probably had kids or a woman missing him. RIP Otzi.
  • @Semperidem94
    If Ötzi was murdered, then it seems to me, people that killed him really seriously wanted him dead. All that ascending, decending indicates a pursuit, and it takes dedication, great will and hatred to chase someone like that in such harsh mountanous environment. Was it a blood feud? Revenge? Eye for an eye? If only dead man could speak.
  • @MagnusItland
    The Copper Age is another one of those things we didn't learn about in school and didn't read about in popular science magazines, and yet it was such an important, formative period at least for Europe. Glad you've stepped up to the task of educating people!
  • @growing_paynes
    I’ve a lot of media about this guy but this is the most detailed documentary I’ve ever seen about him. Several facts and alternative reconstructions I hadn’t seen before
  • @marshdell
    Otzi's friend: "We're lost" Otzi: "No we're not." 3months later...... Otzi: "We're lost" friend aims bow at Otzi
  • @revenevan11
    I think it's poetic that, in a sense, his journey continued long after his death. Ultimately he journeyed into a future that could learn much about his life and times from his remains. In a macabre way, I think that's sort of beautiful.
  • @mothball5425
    Otzi is a gift to us through the ages. Let's also remember the man, someone's son, brother, probably father. When he didn't come back, he was missed, a family probably went hungry.🌷
  • How has nobody commented on the iceman recreations facial expressions? This was a fascinating watch. And literally had me in stitches when you kept showing the altered faces and the one of the man giving a bewildered insane stare was solid gold 😂😂 education and comedy all in one
  • @JH-lo9ut
    Ötzi is probably the most fascinating arheological discovery in our time. We are so fortunate that a time capsule like his remains appeared when science was able to make so much out of it. Regarding his axe remaining by the corpse, it may be because he and his killer were part of the same community. The killer removed his own arrow, but left Ötzi's valuable posessions. If the killer had stolen anything, people in their community could recognize the items as belonging to Ötzi, and if the body was found, someone may recognize the arrow. Sometimes the simplest explaination is the right one. Anytime archeologists use the methaphysical argument it sounds like they are out of ideas, although metsphysics no doubt played a large role in prehistoric times.
  • @MoniqueAO888
    Years ago I visited Ötzi in his museum and his gras-cape really cought my eye (~ 6:00), because in Japan I bought a book with early photographs of japanese people and one of them portaited a man wearing a similar cape. It seems that around the world people came to the same solutions when they solved problems...a bit like convergence.
  • @Somewhat-Evil
    Perhaps Otzi was murdered by a member of his own tribe over some local dispute. His valuable axe was left behind on the mountain because possessing it would have identified the killer or started a blood feud.
  • @wfcoaker1398
    WRT him looking "older", that's from a life lived outdoors. Go to any rural area especially a fishing community and try to guess the men's ages. UV light ages you, and you get a double dose when you're in a boat on the water. We work indoors, we have moisturizers and exfoliants and god knows what. And we worship "a youthful look". We look young for our age these days. He just worked outdoors a lot, high up in the mountains. Lots of UV exposure.
  • @PapaRocks
    This is by far the best and most thorough treatment of Outzi. Thanks much, Dan!
  • @aff77141
    I love the comment of "in alternating dark and light patterns, presumably because it looked fashionable", it's so important to remember these were real people with thoughts and opinions and critical thinking, not just apes with tools
  • @griffith500tvr
    I come from that region, life must have been hard. Winter is cold and long, summers are short. Even with modern clothing I can't imagine living outside in winter. His facial features resembles the faces of the mountain farmers of my valley, formed by hard work, physically very strong people, far stronger than their looks would suggest.
  • @annaastley8922
    i just wanna sit down and have a beer with ötzi. talk to him about his life & times. he is hands down one of my favorite “ancient” humans.
  • The stories this guy could tell. However his body and equipment are a priceless window into the past. R.I.P. Otzi and thank you for the history lessons.