MONGOLIA | Turning Towards the West?

Published 2024-06-28
Is Mongolia moving away from Russia and China and towards the West? Over the past few years, Mongolia has received increased attention from the West, with strategic partnerships and high-level visits from U.S. and European officials. These developments raise questions about Mongolia’s ability to move away from its strong ties with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. But are we really seeing a fundamental shift in Mongolia’s strategic direction?

Mongolia is often regarded as a pivot state - a country with special significance in international relations due to its location or other economic or political factors. Having broken away from China in the early twentieth century, Mongolia became closely aligned with the USSR and was a key Soviet ally during the Cold War, especially after the Sino-Soviet split in the early 1960s. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, its foreign relationships fundamentally changed. While it built a particularly strong relationship with China, it remained wary of relying too much on either Moscow or Beijing. This led to the creation of the so-called “Third Neighbour” policy. However, this delicate balance has been disturbed by the Ukraine War. As Russia and China move closer, Mongolia appears squeezed. But as it strengthens its ties to the United States and the EU, is this really a sign that it is decisively shifting towards the West in general?

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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:37 Pivot States in International Relations
01:47 Mongolia: Location, Population and Economy
02:28 The Emergence of Mongolia
04:04 The Recognition of Mongolian Independence
05:19 Mongolia between the USSR and China
06:35 Mongolia after the Cold War
08:28 Mongolia and its Three Neighbours
10:14 The Ukraine War and Mongolian Foreign Policy
12:08 Why is Mongolian Foreign Policy Changing?
13:16 Is Mongolia Turning Towards the West?

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
President of Mongoliapresident.mn/en/
News Mongolia | MNB World | YouTube
   / @mnbworld  
Mongolia | US State Department
www.state.gov/countries-areas/mongolia/
European Union Delegation to Mongolia
www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mongolia_en?s=171

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#Mongolia #Russia #China #UnitedStates

All Comments (21)
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  • @Shimra8888
    They have no choice, they are sandwiched between Russia and China. It’s like asking if the Navajo Nation in the American Southwest has a choice turning towards China or Russia.
  • @EdMcF1
    Mongolia turning towards the West? That would be a big steppe.
  • @JamesKerLindsay
    Did you know that today is election day in Mongolia? Chances are you didn’t. It doesn’t get much attention. However, while the country is largely ignored by the international media, behind the scenes, policymakers from Russia, China, and the West are engaged in a battle to strengthen their ties to the strategically vital country. So, do you think that it is shifting towards the West? More to the point, if relations sour between Russia and China, which side would it take? As always, I look forward to your thoughts and comments.
  • Mongolia isn't talked about too much, but I am always impressed by their presidential guard's drip.
  • @vinniechan
    I'm sure Mongolia just wants to be left alone lol
  • @rms7999
    I could never imagine that Mongolia would be discussed on current geopolitics channels. Great job, Professor!
  • @tahseen812
    I was in Mongolia 🇲🇳 exactly 2 weeks ago. It was my first visit to this mysterious, remote, and beautiful country. I noticed a contrast there; some places including the airport and the center of Ulaanbaatar are incredibly modern while many other places are truly under developed. From the small size of the airport, albeit modern, you can tell that not many people go there. It's a gorgeous country but the tourism infrastructure there maybe has a room to grow. About switching sides, I don't think the geography of Mongolia will allow them to move away from Russia and China. There're deep historical ties between them and Russia and China, especially Russia. Many Mongolians still speak Russian to this day even thougu the Soviet Union was dissolved more than 30 years ago. In my opinion, I think it's wise for smaller countries surrounded by super powers such as Mongolia, Ukraine, or Central Asian republics to remain neutral and to keep good relations with their immediate neighbours first and the rest of the world second. Simply put, you can't escape geography :-)
  • @davidk6269
    Mongolia is basically surrounded by China and Russia, and is landlocked. It would be suicide for Mongolia to align itself with the West in confrontation with China and Russia.
  • @JCSY1
    As like most countries, Mongolia don't want to go into unnecessary direct conflict with the US or the west but they won't side with the US nor the west. They will still work with the US and the west whenever it's beneficial for both. It is a grand wishful thinking that they will side with the US. It simply just won't happen. Same goes for most countries.
  • @tng2057
    The best tell tell sign. Mongolia is one of the few mainland East Asian countries helping N Korean escapees going straight to S Korea.
  • @IrrationalCharm
    Everybody gangsta until Mongolia starts making “historical claims”
  • @aaronjones8905
    Mongolia is going to have to follow the Swiss model. Neutrality, essential products/services, and a defense policy that doesn't make it worth it to touch them.
  • @historyking9984
    This is what I love about your channel. You cover place all around the world and countries and issues that don’t normally get global attention. I never see anything about Mongolia in the news
  • @leefster1
    In that case, China and Russia just have to close their air space and land route to Mongolia. Good luck to their rocketry or tunnel digging technology
  • @StevenFullmer1
    I just got back from visiting Mongolia last week. Beautiful country and people.
  • The World is North, East, South and West. So, don't choose sides. You choose one side and you loose 3 other sides. Steer your own course
  • @OPEN-qg2ui
    Stay Neutral and enjoy your beautiful Country. Choose one side and everything will turn upside down.
  • IIRC the Stalin and Krushchev repeatedly turned down Mongolian offers to become a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, they didn't want to risk conflict with Japan and China and preferred a buffer state. It was the Soviets that secured western recognition of Mongolian independence from China and that wasn't until Yalta, it was one of Stalin's conditions. Mongolia is in an unenviable position geographically and economically. Its dependence on resource extraction means exports rely on friendly rail transport through either Russia or China. And that means it's tgemird neighbour policy will always struggle. As to Sino-Russian relations I wouldn't categorise them as getting closer, in many ways they are moving apart commercially. What we are seeing is a rebalancing as China seeks to exploit Russian weakness as I said would happen when the current unpleasantness started.
  • @mintcake2668
    How exactly does Mongolia turn? It's literally stuck.