Mark Hylkema: California during the Spanish and Mexican Colonial Periods, 7/22/17
76,980
Published 2018-03-14
Mark begins with the first Spanish explorers conquering the Aztecs, and tells about the Portolá expedition in 1769, when California suddenly went from prehistory to history, like "the flip of a switch."
The many native tribes had managed the land for thousands of years for bountiful harvests of acorns and grass seeds. The "Ohlone" alone consisted of 50 tribes with 7 different languages. The villages welcomed the strangers with celebrations and food.
A hundred years later, the Spanish mission system, with presidios, missions, and pueblos, had put an end to their tribal land use and way of life. About 100,000 native people, nearly one third of the population, had died as a direct consequence of the missions of California.
After Mission Santa Cruz (1791), Villa de Branciforte was founded in 1797 as a secular town on the Camino Real.
The first part of the presentation was augmented by Dorothee Ledbetter with more pictures.
All Comments (21)
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Loved your presentation. I am now in my 80s. I attended public schools in California. In elementary school, we were told that the padres came up from Mexico and built beautiful missions. The Indians were converted to Christianity and civilized. Nothing was said about forced labor and disease.
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Riveting presentation!!! I grew up in Tucson, AZ & I remember walking around old, old smelly (musty) adobe ruins in a playground where arrowheads were just laying on top of the ground to pick up & take home. I remember seeing some Indians ride horses into downtown Tucson for their part in parades in all their finery. It was amazing to me & I just love learning about this history with the native peoples. Their turquoise & other beautiful stones… pottery…etc. I moved at 9 yrs old when my mother remarried to a military man & I’ll always hold dear these desert 🌵 lands. I live in OK now which has its own stories.Fascinating! I’m 60 now & I have time to learn these wonderful accounts of the history of our world. Thank you uTubers!!!
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My 5th great uncle Nicolas Galindo was on the Anza expedition. His grandson had one of the first land grants at lake Merced. They are buried at Santa Clara mission
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As a Anthropology graduate from the University of San Bernardino and a six generation Calliforniano I really appreciated this presentation. In one of my classes on native Americans we covered one group in the San Diego area of Southern California called Kumeyaay/Diegueno. What is interesting in comparing this group with the central native groups is that they were a "seasonal round" substance hunting gathering group. Winter areas found them on the coast living off of sea foods and in the summer living in the mountains eating pinon nuts. They also spent time in northern area of Baja California. This adaptation to their environment appears to be extremely different from the Central and Northern California groups. I also read Anne Fishers book " Cathedral in the Sun ". She used the oral history of Isabella Meadows, the daughter of Carmel Mission Indian, to tell the life of the mission Indians in Carmel Valley. I am also the great grandson of Franciso Luis Boranda. His adobe in the State of California at Salinas was where my grandmother lived before they moved to Baja California.
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I loved this presentation. I teach 4th graders California History. We create a timeline of the Native Americans from pre-European contact to present day. Every year, I learn more about the injustices that they endured.
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Thank you, Mr. Hylkema. Your presentation is as delightful as it is illuminating.
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Love this video. I was raised in Santa Barbara county. And lived at Tajiguis, Gaviota, and Olglvi. My sister is Chumash. She is 1 percent Polynesian. I have a degree in archaeology and worked with Hutash and Professor Erlanson in the 90s. My heart and soul are here. We are blessed. Thank you.
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great video was always curious about California during the colonial periods, its one of the former Spanish territories that I haven't learned too much about.
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This absolute gold popped up in my recommended, very interesting stuff, especially as a Californian myself. Thank you
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A mí me encanta el significado de California y porqué los españoles le pusieron ese nombre, Saludos desde España.
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Amazing documentary, very epic story of the exploration of ancient California.
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Excellent documentary. Just what I was looking for sir.
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Fantástico recollection of facts, stories, tribal Peoples and the expansión of Europeans into the Native Americans. Amazing history and a wonderful way narrating the History of California Mark.
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Thank you for this. And yes we are still here :)
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We are descendants of the Spanish conquistadors. We are still here. And today we love our country and we will fight to protect her.
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Devén estudiar los archivos mexicanos hai esta toda la historia de alta California
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From a historian perspective, the absolute best narrative on the subject of California History. Absolutely incredible. Beautiful. Only 6K views. Sad. California has 40 mil population. Pathetic.
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Mark, this was very good - thank you for sharing - really enjoyed it and learn quite a bit.
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Thanks you this is just the type of extra Information I was seeking on the history of the California coast. Thanks to the presentation and the algorithm.
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Why do you say that spanish did not know about the diversity of the tribes while you are saying the documents for locate and name the tribes are the missions documents ? It is a little contradiction, don't you?.
