Discovery of “Dark Oxygen” Produced at the Sea Floor Where No Light Can Reach! GEO GIRL

22,566
0
Published 2024-07-27
A recent (2024) study has found molecular oxygen (O2) being produced at the seafloor! They are calling it 'dark' oxygen because, up to this point, we understood oxygen to form only by photosynthesis (aka: at Earth's surface, where light can reach). However, this dark oxygen was produced ~4000 m below the surface, where no light can reach! This discovery reshapes our fundamental understanding of how oxygen and carbon are cycled through Earth's systems. No longer is O2 production bound to Earth's surface. This has major implications for how we view Earth's chemical cycles and biosphere moving forward. In this video, I talk about the discover of dark O2 and the potential significances of this! Hope you enjoy ;D

0:00 Evolution of Oxygen on Earth
1:48 The Oxygen Cycle (as we knew it…)
3:20 Why O2 ‘shouldn’t’ be produced on the seafloor
4:10 Discovery of ‘Dark’ Oxygen
4:49 Where Dark O2 has been detected
5:16 How Dark Oxygen Forms
7:46 Significance of Dark Oxygen
10:06 Significance for the Origin of Life
12:39 Significance for Mining

References:
Main article: Sweetman et al., 2024: doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01480-8
CNN summary:
Scientific American summary: www.scientificamerican.com/article/cells-discovere…
Article on dark oxygen being produced biologically in soils: www.wired.com/story/the-secret-of-how-cells-make-d…

My thallium article if you're interested: doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2023.07.011

GEO GIRL Website: www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

Hey there, Earth enthusiast! Check my favorite Earth-friendly products:
Bamboo toilet paper: shrsl.com/3cvku
Bamboo paper towels: shrsl.com/3cvkw
Compostable tableware: shrsl.com/3cvkz
Compostable trash bags: shrsl.com/3cvl0
Bamboo cutlery + straw! : shrsl.com/3cwfl
Eco-Friendly Tote (great for grocery shopping!): shrsl.com/3cwfp
Reusable straws + cleaning brushes (my fav!): shrsl.com/3cwft
Eco-friendly laundry detergent: shrsl.com/3cwgo

Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: shrsl.com/3d0t2
(Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!)

Non-textbook books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on young planet by A. Knoll: amzn.to/2RBMpny
Some assembly required by N. Shubin: amzn.to/3w1Ezm2
Your inner fish by N. Shubin: amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Alien Oceans by K. Hand: amzn.to/3clMx1l
Life's Engines: amzn.to/3w1Nhke

Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geology rock hammer: amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological hand lens: amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: shrsl.com/3cvjv
Carbon-neutral backpack: shrsl.com/3cvkc

Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!

All Comments (21)
  • @rassicr
    Don't tell your astronomer friends. Now if we find an extrasolar planet with oxygen we can't definitively say there's life because rocks are just too cool.
  • @rebdomine1
    We are only just beginning to learn about this biome, it would be a shame to lose it for the sake of making some cars. Thank you for being upfront and saying it will likely be mined, you are just being realistic about the situation and I like to see it
  • @toddtaylor1238
    Extremely interesting, it adds another consideration for OoL researchers. I'll be looking forward to any updated content you might create.
  • @jonathanhill6064
    With all the A.I. content it is hard to find good new science channels on. Keep up the good work.
  • @sethorlando
    Thank you Geo Girl for the informative video!
  • I participated in Leg 86 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project in the far northwest Pacific. We found what we called "manganese nodules" in the core catchers of the first core barrel of every hole we drilled. Who knew? Some of these deposits form extensive blankets, possibly acres, of nodules in contact with each other. Good point about anaerobic early life but perhaps the earliest oxygen-users evolved in some of these chemical enriched O2-rich zones, next door to their anaerobic ancestors, and then they migrated to shallower environments.
  • @The_Tauri
    Yes! Been waiting for this explainer ever since the news dropped! Thanks for the clear explanation.
  • @neotericrecreant
    This discovery is fascinating! If they they tend to link together in series to achieve high enough voltage to perform electrolysis, I wonder what maximum voltages are being produced over certain areas. Nature is brilliant! On a less excited note, isn't it just like humans to find the things keeping our planet healthy and just destroy them immediately? smdh.
  • @wasbedeutet151
    I love that you record with zoom! It's like a recorded conference presentation!
  • @cavemanrob
    I can not stress enough that humankind has done quite enough damage. LEAVE THE SEA FLOOR ALONE!!! Have we not seen the devastation of trawling? The planet is not infinitely extractable, people!
  • @Siletzia
    Geo Girl is one of my all-time favorite YouTube hosts. Always interesting and informative, and I always learn something new!
  • @apisto9783
    Super interesting video. They are kind of like the ultimate OLD growth forest
  • I'd be interested to know (only after a lot more research, I assume) how much of Earth's oxygen is made this way, like what proportion of yearly oxygen production this contributes. Great topic and video.
  • Imagine if this released 3-5 months before finishing your dissertation? Advisor: Let's add a whole new section! You: ...yay...I...love science... *tries to remember
  • @jourdansarpy4935
    The more we learn about geobatteries, the more we learn that we definitely should NOT be mining the sea floor.
  • Very cool! So grateful to have stumbled upon your content—a glistening example of why social media ain’t all bad. Instant sub—thank you for your work!
  • My question is: What keeps the process going? It's easy enough to create a chemical battery. The first "voltaic piles" were literally piles of metal disks interleaved with paper soaked in sulfuric acid. The battery produces voltage until it has consumed the chemical energy inside it, and then it stops. The fact that the nodules are still electrolyzing water after all this time indicates that either (a) something is applying voltage to the nodules to recharge them, or (b) metals are accreting onto the nodules fast enough to maintain the supply of electrochemical energy.