The Most Effective Endurance Training Method - The Science Explained

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Published 2020-07-25
What training intensity distribution shows better results? This video discusses the current evidence surrounding threshold, polarised, and pyramidal training models commonly used by endurance athletes. The small evidence-base of this topic remains an issue with regards to establishing a confident consensus, and therefore future videos are planed once more evidence emerges.

Disclaimers:
To Know Sport is not a doctor or a medical professional. Before starting any new diet and/or exercise program please check with your doctor. Use of this information (in the video) is strictly at your own risk. Any recommendations made are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The content in the video is for educational and informational purposes regarding the scientific evidence base on exercise and nutritional topics for healthy adults. To Know Sport will not assume any liability for direct or indirect losses or damages that may result from the use of information contained in this video including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness, or death. Science is frequently based on average results, therefore due to person-to-person variability, individual results are not guaranteed and may vary.

References
Stöggl, T. and Sperlich, B., 2014. Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high volume training. Frontiers in physiology, 5, p.33.
Hydren, J.R. and Cohen, B.S., 2015. Current scientific evidence for a polarized cardiovascular endurance training model. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12), pp.3523-3530.
Stöggl, T.L. and Sperlich, B., 2015. The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Frontiers in physiology, 6, p.295.
Gordon, D., Wightman, S., Basevitch, I., Johnstone, J., Espejo-Sanchez, C., Beckford, C., Boal, M., Scruton, A., Ferrandino, M. and Merzbach, V., 2017. Physiological and training characteristics of recreational marathon runners. Open access journal of sports medicine, 8, p.231.
Seiler, S., 2010. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 5(3), pp.276-291.
Milanović, Z., Sporiš, G. and Weston, M., 2015. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO 2max improvements: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports medicine, 45(10), pp.1469-1481.
Bacon, A.P., Carter, R.E., Ogle, E.A. and Joyner, M.J., 2013. VO 2 max trainability and high intensity interval training in humans: a meta-analysis. PloS one, 8(9), p.e73182.
Kenneally, M., Casado, A. and Santos-Concejero, J., 2018. The effect of periodization and training intensity distribution on middle-and long-distance running performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(9), pp.1114-1121.
Neal, C.M., 2011. Training intensity distribution, physiological adaptation and immune function in endurance athletes.
Kenneally, M., Casado, A., Gomez-Ezeiza, J. and Santos-Concejero, J., 2020. Training Intensity Distribution analysis by Race Pace vs. Physiological approach in World-Class middle-and long-distance runners. European Journal of Sport Science, (just-accepted), pp.1-23.
Plews, D., Polarised to Pyramidal Training Intensity Distribution: The Principle of Specificity is Key. Available at: www.trizone.com.au/20180314/polarised-to-pyramidal…

All Comments (21)
  • @ErLong1800
    After watching your video, I was very convinced that this might actually work, so I tried this out and designed a 1-month training plan based on your explanations. I am not a very experienced runner, I was averaging maybe around 30k/week that time. The high intensity parts (~25%) were in the form of two interval training sessions per week (X times 500m/1000m) and the rest (~75%) was simply slowly jogging. I increased the mileage by 10% every week (30/33/36/40). I ran a half-marathon before and after the 4 weeks of training (one week recovery after the training block). The results are amazing: I could lower my half-marathon pace from 4:54/km to 4:25/km, which I find very impressive. Thanks for your video and for inspiring me! I really loved the scientific approach and after testing it out "in real life", I am even more convinced, that this is a great method! Hope my case can show some people that this is actually worth trying.
  • @AleTheDLT
    I recommend the book 80/20 running to anyone trying to know more about the subject-its a quick read
  • @daytonbath9755
    One other point to add to this video (great video) for anyone who is looking to follow something similar. This does not take into account in the weekly volume that you will likely (for a 5x 1k workout) need to do a proper warm up and cool down, this should be anywhere between 2-3km (or 10-15min each). One other thing to keep in mind for longer runs on Sundays is that intensity is very important, sometimes HR is not everything. Over time there is something called "cardiac drift" meaning that into the area of 1h30min-2h the heart rate will steadily increase likely due to environmental factors like heat and dehydration. There isn't only one way to do it but being mindful of how your body feels on the day to day is equally as important as training structure. Happy running
  • Fantastic that's clear , synthetic, practical and scientific based.. What a work man ! Can't wait for the futurs videos. Cheers from France, and thank you for your amazing work !
  • @IainMabbott
    Really interesting video. Glad I stumbles across the channelled. Now subbed and off to watch the rest of them!
  • Analysis of the routines followed by professional athletes would make for a great watch.
  • @Dagoth_Ur_1
    Aerobic training is crucial, I didn't train my aerobic most of time as weren't paying attention and just running too hard (170bpm) so I was always training anaerobic as my anaerobic threshold is 159. I now started running between 139-149bpm to train my aerobics, it's so bad I have to almost walk to keep my heart rate this low, quite eye opening. So most people just running for health probably aren't training their aerobic health. I do slow easy runs now up to 8 miles most days, and then one harder threshold run/intervals.
  • @maartin9707
    This is by far the best "running-training-video" i've ever seen.
  • Love the way you cover Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology 👌🏻 I understand you must be busy pursuing your PhD but would really appreciate if you continued making such videos regularly!!
  • @seancullen99
    As he kind of outlined, it all depends on the race distance you are training for and where in the season you are (ie months from goal race). But either way, a middle distance runner would do less mileage and more intensity than a marathoner so even though training for both has similarities, the different demands of these disciplines require markedly different training. I'm a big believer in heart rate training mainly because it is ideal for keeping you within a range of exertion so that you don't over cook your training and are much less likely to get injured. Of course, you would not use HR if you were going on a race pace run or intervals but for all the rest of your training - easy, long, and tempo runs - HR is a great way to keep you from going too hard and wrecking your training plan. It's never about one specific session, it's about the training program as a whole. If you miss two full weeks through injury in the middle of a 12 week program to go for a PB then you might as well forget about it and regroup for another race. Often, an injury during an interval session or race pace run has its roots in needlessly overcooking the lesser intense runs on a regular basis - it all adds up to push you over the edge. HR training to temper your intensity on those slower runs (especially when you are feeling great!) can save you from this heartache.
  • Very clear, informative and practical advice that I will be bringing to my training. Thank you.
  • @gabofdz3596
    This video provides golden information. Thank you!!
  • Been struggling a bit to plan my endurancetraining, this was VERY helpful! Thank you🙏😊
  • @cooldudep
    Thanks for this video, makes alot of sense now.. I feel like I've beeing doing 80% of my runs in level 2 and the times weren't improving.
  • @ElteHupkes
    Percentage of time vs percentage of distance is an important distinction that I don't see made a lot. In zone 3 you'll obviously run significantly more kilometers in the same amount of time than in zone 1. It'd be interesting to see how % of distance and % of time compare.
  • This can only be done when you have decent weekly mileage. For someone just starting out and has never run let's say a 5k before, it won't work. My zone2 pace in the very beginning was 9:41min/km(15min/mile). There's no way someone can jog that slow with horrible form and not get injured. Get your mileage up at first without worrying about all this and just run. Once your 5k pace drops to sub 8min/km or 7min/km start incorporating this. Saying this from my personal experience. Maybe it'll help somebody. Also, your heart rate will spike very high when you starting running after a long time/break. It's totally normal. Just keep at it you can do it!
  • @manningcorby4940
    I was going to comment how good this video was but realised i already did a year ago. Please make more on this topic!
  • Great explanation of a complicated subject. This is really cool for breaking down training sessions and what type of training and each chapter of season