Did Noah's Ark Steal From Gilgamesh?

Published 2023-07-22
Noah's Ark in Genesis 6-9 shares striking similarities to ancient Flood stories like Gilgamesh, Atrahasis and the Sumerian Flood Story. Ever since George Smith discovered Tablet XI of the Epic of Gilgamesh at the British Museum in the 1800's we've been able to compare these flood stories and their similarities to the Bible. Why are the stories so similar? Did Noah's Ark steal from these stories?

Want to read up on this? Get the Ark Before Noah by Irving Finkel: The Ark Before Noah, Irving Finkel: amzn.to/3Qc9JUt

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This channel is now known as Tablets and Temples, unpacking ancient history and religion. Formerly known as Bible Unboxed.

Sources on the similarities between Noah and other ANE Flood Stories:

- The Ark Before Noah by Irving Finkel: The Ark Before Noah, Irving Finkel: amzn.to/3Qc9JUt
- Amanda Norsker, “Genesis 6,5-9.17: A Rewritten Babylonian Flood Myth,” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 29:1 (2015)
- Bernard Batto's Slaying the Dragon: Mythmaking in the Biblical Tradition
- www.worldhistory.org/article/227/the-atrahasis-epi…
- www.thetorah.com/article/the-mesopotamian-origin-o…
- John Walton, Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament
- A Sourcebook for the Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Hays

It's worth at least mentioning some older articles, some of the ideas are a bit dated:
- "GILGAMESH" AND GENESIS: THE FLOOD STORY IN CONTEXT, Eugene Fisher (1970)
- The Atrahasis Epic and Its Significance for Our Understanding of Genesis 1-9, Tikva Frymer-Kensky (1977)
- The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic, Jeffrey Tigay (1982)

Dates are primarily sourced from the universities and institutions which house the tablets:
- Gilgamesh: www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_K-3375
- Sumerian: www.schoyencollection.com/literature-collection/su…
cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artifacts/252032
- Nippur Tablet: www.penn.museum/collections/object/97591
- Atrahasis Tablet: www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-042…

Translations:
- Andrew George, Gilgamesh (Critical edition)
- Critical edition of Atrahasis by Wilfred G. Lambert, Alan R. Millard, and Miguel Civil
- www.livius.org/sources/content/anet/104-106-the-ep…
- ANET, Pritchart
- Context of Scripture, 2 Vols

Other useful links:
- Joel Baden's lectures:    • Video  
- Literary Analysis of the Flood St y Analysis of the Flood Story as a Semitic Type-Scene, Jared Pfost (Note: This is a doctoral student essay, it won a Near Eastern essay competition, and I don't necessarily agree with the conclusion that the story is a straight up polemic, but there's some good literary comparison)
- isthatinthebible.wordpress.com/2021/04/07/noahs-fl…
- Digital Hammurabi have a bunch of great videos on the flood, here's one, you can search for the rest:    • Mesopotamian Flood Story (Atrahasis),...  

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All Comments (21)
  • @wannabe_scholar82
    This was good timing. I was just editing a video on the Flood and then this popped up haha.
  • @jtdesverdad
    40 days of rain, and 150 days of water coming up... those are different things are they not?
  • @HangrySaturn
    I don't want to sound ignorant, but how do we know exactly that Ut-napishtim's ark was a cube and Atrahasis' was coracle? The descriptions for both of them are almost the exact same thing, at least according to the translated versions I'm reading from (Myths from Mesopotamia, translated by Stephanie Dalley, published by Oxford World's Classics). Only difference there seems to be is some gaps in the Atrahasis story as compared to the Ut-napishtim one.
  • @Michiel5234
    Fantastic video again! Your number of subscribers is criminally low :(
  • Its much more than Noah's ark that's borrowed mythology.. Samson is the Jewish Hercules, the book of Esther is the story of Ishtar, Ishtar becomes Esther, the god marduk becomes Mordecai.. the psalms are taken primarily from ugaritic poetry (see "the Bible abs the ugaritic texts" by Jerry Neal) and various other sources in fact of you bring up the Egyptian "hymm to Aten" and place it side by side with psalm 104 you'll see thru are almost identical.. Moses is the Jewish lawgiver based on the original baby in a basket sargon the great of akkad and that's just the rip of the iceberg
  • @ioda006
    Quality analysis and presentation. Thank you!
  • This means that Genesis was completely made up. That is the reasonable takeaway. Much of the Old Testament follows this same template of re-telling earlier mesopotamian myths throught the lense of monotheism. How could anyone just assume that the last telling of a story is really the accurate one???
  • @vickieowens1499
    This opened my understanding of Gilgamesh! Thank You so much❤😔🙏
  • @Itswat3vah
    I love the compare and contrast of all the stories. You’ve gain a new subscriber
  • @InquisitiveBible
    I thought the idea with the reeds is that Ea pretends to tell the reeds about the coming flood with the intention that Utnapishtim will overhear "by accident", giving Ea plausible deniability in divulging Enlil's plan. Did I understand it wrong?
  • @mnageh-bo1mm
    Saved, The Video Is top Notch, I can't believe how this channel isn't on trending.
  • @KingoftheJiangl
    Would you say the sumerian version is the oldest to our knowledge? How old do you reckon this story is, and have scholars reconstructed too their best idea an original form of this story? Great summary, even i could understand
  • Is it the 40 day or the 150 day flood? J Text / 6 At the end of forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. // 8 And he sent out the dove to see whether the waters had decreased from the surface of the ground. 9 But the dove could not find a resting place for its foot, and returned to him to the ark, for there was water over all the earth. So putting out his hand, he took it into the ark with him. 10 He waited another seven days, and again sent out the dove from the ark. 11 The dove came back to him toward evening, and there in its bill was a plucked-off olive leaf! Then Noah knew that the waters had decreased on the earth. 12 He waited still another seven days and sent the dove forth; and it did not return to him anymore. // Noah removed the covering of the ark, and he saw that the surface of the ground was drying . P text // 24 And when the waters had swelled on the earth one hundred and fifty days, 1 God remembered Noah and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark, and God caused a wind to blow across the earth, and the waters subsided. 2 The fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the sky were stopped up, // 3 the waters then receded steadily from the earth. At the end of one hundred and fifty days the waters diminished, / 7 He sent out the raven; it went to and fro until the waters had dried up from the earth . 2 different stories. And yes, the entire J and P texts have been extracted.
  • @HappyPrometheus
    Regarding the 40 days of rain vs 150 days of water coming up: After the rain has stopped why would the water levels still rise? Another better question is if the whole world was flooded, where did all the flood water go? There is only one possible answer: the aliens have stolen our water! (humor)
  • @TubeOnRichard
    Other cultures tell of the great flood as well - Chinese, Indian, Greek, Aztec, Inuit, Native American - etc So are the all copies of each other, or did it really happen? If it did then each culture would re-tell the account with their own cultural flavor, which is what we see.
  • @porusmehta2807
    Hi @TabletsAndTemples why would you date the flood myth in the Bible to the Babylonian conquest of Israel? As Abraham was from Ur in about 1900-1800BC, it could have an origin older than the conquest of Israel. Can you shed some light on that?