Did Polynesians Reach America? DNA evidence

699,577
362
Publicado 2023-05-20
The genetic evidence for one of the greatest voyages in history.
The first 100 people to use code STEFANMILO at the link below will get 60% off of Incogni: incogni.com/stefanmilo"

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
4:06 Spanish Potatoes?
5:32 Thor and Lapita
10:30 Oral History Meets Genetics
14:34 Rapa Nui DNA
21:00 The New Study
29:18 When
35:14 Where
38:14 Caveat
41:34 Tei Tetua

Sources:
Ioannidis, Alexander G., et al. “Native American Gene Flow into Polynesia Predating Easter Island Settlement.” Nature, vol. 583, no. 7817, 2020, pp. 572–577, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2487-2.

Ioannidis, Alexander G., Javier Blanco-Portillo, Karla Sandoval, Erika Hagelberg, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, et al. “Paths and Timings of the Peopling of Polynesia Inferred from Genomic Networks.” Nature, vol. 597, no. 7877, 2021, pp. 522–526, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8.

Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, et al. “Genome-Wide Ancestry Patterns in Rapanui Suggest Pre-European Admixture with Native Americans.” Current Biology, vol. 24, no. 21, 2014, pp. 2518–2525, doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.057.

Ioannidis, Alexander G., Javier Blanco-Portillo, Karla Sandoval, Erika Hagelberg, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, et al. “Paths and Timings of the Peopling of Polynesia Inferred from Genomic Networks.” Nature, vol. 597, no. 7877, 2021, pp. 522–526, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8.

Eckstein, Lars, and Anja Schwarz. “The Making of Tupaia’s Map: A Story of the Extent and Mastery of Polynesian Navigation, Competing Systems of Wayfinding on James Cook’s Endeavor, and the Invention of an Ingenious Cartographic System.” The Journal of Pacific History, vol. 54, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1–95, doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2018.1512369.

www.patreon.com/stefanmilo

Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
www.stefanmilo.com

www.twitter.com/Historysmilo

www.instagram.com/historysmilo

Todos los comentarios (21)
  • @StefanMilo
    What's extremely important to note here, is that I appreciate you watching.
  • @SenorTucano
    I visited RapaNui last year and heard some of them talking in their language. Incredibly I could understand them and they were astonished when I greeted them in New Zealand Māori.
  • @darrensmith5997
    This is one of my favourite YouTube channels. This is how science is supposed to be presented. Lays out complex hypotheses in an easy to follow way. I love the fact that you don't pretend to know everything and present all competing theories and evidence to support them. Keep up the good work
  • @pcatful
    Respect for the Polynesian Voyaging Society and Native Hawaiian activists for revitalizing the Polynesian culture, along with other Pacific Islanders, and helping people understand the capabilities and cultural significance of all the Polynesian expansion in the Pacific. This legacy is largely why you see the pictures of the beautiful voyaging canoes being built today (from all over Polynesia and beyond) and the other indigenous cultural examples in the this video. I would think the genetics of the kumara should tell us more.
  • @paiwanhan
    Taiwanese here. Austronesian speaking Taiwanese cultures were famous for several thing in prehistory. 1. Pottery, which they would decorate by pressing shell or rope to make indentations. 2. Making clothes from the bark of paper mulberry trees. 3. Tattooing both face and body. 4. Removing front teeth, as well as blacken teeth for beauty. 5. Betel nut is culturally important because it's a symbol of love. 6. Manufacturing jade accessories including long jade tubes and jade pendants, and traded them to the Philippine islands and Vietnam. 7. Musical instruments such as Austronesian styled Jew harp and nose flute. 8. Wearing really long tubes, such as jade tubes mentioned above, as earrings, through pretty big holes in the ear lobes. Many of these traditions made it all the way to Polynesia, especially the paper mulberry trees, which can be traced back to Taiwan using DNA.
  • How ironic that Thor Heyerdahl met 'tei tetua' and informed that their ancestors are from The East. While I am from Java and living in Sumatra, half a globe away west of Fatu Hifa, I linguistically understood that 'tei tetua' literally means ancestor or elderly.
  • @whatdamath
    The world's longest trip to get a bag of patata chips
  • @brettevill9055
    I wonder whether it would be possible and informative to do a genetic study of local strains of sweet potato in the area.
  • @modusartsgroup
    What a great channel. Really refreshing. No "ancient aliens" artifices and, bonus, a sandbagged frontline against them. Many thanks, Stefan Milo! Really good.
  • @garygreen2146
    I am a Maori New Zealander, thank you for this upload about pre-European Polynesian and Indigenous people of the Americas. This basically gels with our own oral histories , nice to see scientific research catching up with Polynesian traditional knowledge
  • @yuraqmisi6463
    I personally think that the Polynesians came to the coast of Ecuador, not Colombia. This is because there seem to be certain similarities between their cultures: - On the coast of Ecuador, the Manteño-Huancavilca culture developed, a culture with an affinity for the sea. - The people of the Manteño-Huancavilca culture were great merchants who used to travel by sea in large rafts to Central America to exchange their products. - The currency of exchange of these transactions was the spondylus shell. To obtain them they had to dive great depths using large stones as weights. - Their rafts were characterized by using sails, something unusual in the American continent before the arrival of the Europeans. - These sails were triangular in shape, not square like the Spanish ones. - Their main crop was probably sweet potato, due to the forested environment in which they lived. Potatoes, on the other hand, were a more common crop in the Andean highlands. Tal vez existió cierta influencia entre ambas culturas. Nada es seguro, pero si realmente existe una respuesta creo que se encuentra en la costa de Ecuador.
  • @dougkoger2277
    Excellent video! My wife and I sailed to the Marquesas in 2019 and have been wandering around French Poly ever since in between time back in U.S. It's important to note that Polynesians achieved their astounding voyages across the Pacific against the prevailing wind. Their catamarans were certainly very capable as evidenced by where they established settlements. It would be surprising if they didn't make it to South America. If some archeological evidence were to be found in the Galapagos if not mainland South America, that would be more definitive. Hopefully future DNA surveys will find South Americans with Polynesian ancestry. Fascinating stuff!
  • @MNVelo
    This is one of my favorite subjects. The discovery of the pacific islands by Polynesian navigators is one of mankind’s most awe inspiring achievements and their navigation techniques are amongst the greatest pre-industrial technologies.
  • Hey man, I’m from New Zealand. Polynesian Māori. I appreciate the effort you put into this, you pretty much nailed it 👍🏾. In our oral history our tribes (iwi) discovered different parts of New Zealand to settle in as far back as the 1200s.
  • @1Ma9iN8tive
    Fantastic video my friend. Probably THE BEST synopsis of our Polynesian history of populating the Pacific. Well done. Really, really well done. This is the quality we are looking for when people treat our Polynesian Austronesian families in their research. Arohanui From Aotearoa New Zealand
  • @MrStealYaWifey
    Samoan here, the languages are explained in present day as different dialect. However, the explanation of accents makes more sense. Also, the modern catamaran is modelled on polynesian design, along with the Sydney Opera house has very very close similarities with the way the fale samoa is built. peace to Tagaloa's children! POLYNESIA ARE ALL ONE RACE!
  • @PhotoTrekr
    Polynesians might well have reached South America in the past. It's amazing how they navigated the Pacific ocean.
  • I have flown back and forth across the pacific MANY times . It’s insane how vast it is. You can fly for 10 hours and not see. Land .
  • @neesaljohnson86
    This is when I am grateful fir the algorithms in You tube. Don't know what relationship was between looking at a video and Chilean fashion and Bolivian fashion and indigenous people yesterday but here you are. Thank you for your enlightening information and articulated description of genome data. Truly amazing