The Delicious Diets of Prehistoric Europe (Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age)

422,261
0
Published 2023-03-16
For 60% off with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code DANDAVISHISTORY60 at bit.ly/3ILuWAx

What did ancient Europeans eat between 10,000 BC and 3000 BC? In the Mesolithic era, the hunter gatherers of Europe were thriving in a range of environments across the Continent. From 7,000 BC Neolithic farmers spread across Europe bringing a new way of life, new languages, beliefs and social structures. Then around 3,000 BC, another great change came with the spread of cattle and horse herders from their homelands on the Pontic steppe all the way to the furthest corners of Europe, heralding the beginning of the European bronze age.

These three eras saw huge social, linguistic, and genetic changes but what exactly did prehistoric Europeans eat?

Artwork

Artistic reconstructions of the ancient European people are by The Beaker Lady in collaboration with The Chad Pastoralist.

For more reconstructions and information about early Indo-European culture, history, and genetics, please follow their work on Instagram:

www.instagram.com/thebeakerlady/
www.instagram.com/thechadpastoralist/

If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel

Patreon ➜ www.patreon.com/dandavisauthor
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5

My Links

Website dandavisauthor.com/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/dandavisauthor/
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: www.instagram.com/dandavisauthor/

Video Sources

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony: amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson: amzn.to/3r0xkdU
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan: amzn.to/3wNDcqA

Plant Use in the Mesolithic: Evidence from Staosnaig, Isle of Colonsay, Scotland - Steven Mithen (1999)
Irish Cepaea nemoralis Land Snails Have a Cryptic Franco-Iberian Origin That Is Most Easily Explained by the Movements of Mesolithic Humans – Grindon & Davison (2013)
Plant Use in the Mesolithic and its Role in the Transition to Farming – Zvelebil (1994)
Hazelnut economy of early Holocene hunter gatherers: a case study from Mesolithic Duvensee, northern Germany – Holst (2010)
Experimental archaeological exploration of Mesolithic techniques for hazelnut roasting – Lage (2011)
A drowned Mesolithic shell midden complex at Hjarnø Vesterhoved, Denmark and its wider significance – Astrup et al (2021)
A late Mesolithic shell midden at Kilnatierny – Murray (2011)
Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe - Sjögre, Price, Kristiansen – (2016)

(and more)

*The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.*

Video Chapters

00:00 What did ancient people eat?
01:25 Video Sponsorship
02:56 The Mesolithic Diet
06:24 Mesolithic Hazelnut Processing
07:50 Mesolithic Proto-Farming
11:38 The Neolithic Diet
13:29 Neolithic Dairy Consumption
14:57 A Fish Eating Taboo?
16:49 Neolithic Feasting
18:05 What did Steppe Herders eat?
20:16 Broader Bronze Age Diets

All Comments (21)
  • @thirza9508
    One of my university lecturers always called hazelnuts the 'trail mix of the stone age'. People loved their hazelnuts
  • There are a few reasons hazelnuts were probably so popular with ancient peoples: 1. The nut production is very low to the ground compared to other nut producing trees (hickory/pecan, walnut, chestnut, etc.) 2. Nut production occurs very early in the tree/shrub's life cycle. Only a handful of years after propagation, compared to decades for larger tree varieties. 3. Thinner hulls/shells compared to things like walnuts make them easier to process. 4. Thinner shells/hulls in relation to the amount of meat makes them more efficient both in weight and in bulk when gathering and transporting.
  • As a fisherman myself I'd be interested in seeing a video on ancient fishing methods as well as the taboo surrounding it among some ancient cultures.
  • @ario4795
    After four months of researching what prehistoric people ate, whilst living out in the wilderness subsisting only on a prehistoric diet, Dan Davis returns to tell us what he has discovered.
  • Mr Davis you raise YouTube to the level of the old history channel before the aliens stuff! Your voice is so impactful, your knowledge runs deep, and your topic choices are so specific and unique. The presentation is magnificent and attention grabbing. I absolutely love your channel and I’m not even into history that much but you make it soooo damn good!
  • @suzbone
    7:25 Charring a whole batch of community hazelnuts that large is such an epically "bad day at the office", it still elicits sympathy thousands of years later lol
  • @CosmoCrank
    "I will make a video on the possible fish-eating taboo in the future." are words I never thought I'd be excited to hear.
  • @mnforager
    This such a powerful dive into our ancient diets
  • I Just graduated in archaelogy, my thesis was about the demographic distribution and the exploitation strategies of Natural resources during the paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic in the north-eastern part of Italy. Getting to know what people ate in others parts of Europe makes me happy. Keep up with the good work you are doing, greetings from Italy.
  • @trajan9034
    The Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age videos are unmatched on Youtube keep it up. :D
  • Your discussion of fish and seafood not being eaten by the more inland farming culture reminded me that most of those I knew in the Midwest of the US growing up disdained fish, except in the form of fish sticks. I always loved fish, and when I asked others why didn't, they just wrinkled their noses, or shrugged, giving no particular reason.
  • @mliittsc63
    A theory of pastoralism for Eastern HG: The EHGs abducted women (as you do), who knew how to take care of the animals. Bride stealing has been pretty common (practically universal) between neighboring peoples of different subsistence strategies, and once the woman has children, it is in her interest for her new community to prosper. When the practice of bride abduction is ongoing for generations, it becomes normalized in both cultures, and it is not unusual for "stolen" brides to achieve high status in their new communities. This sort of thing happened as recently as the 19th century in the American West. There is a very good book, "Empire of the Summer Moon", about Quanah Parker, a Comanche leader whose mother was a white abductee. I recommend it. The book, not bride stealing.
  • I've gathered hazelnuts and roasted, made flour, baked bread with them and so on. But if you find that many together in a pit that has to be an orchard producing them. You can't just gather a hundred thousand nuts in the wild.
  • The Vikings were very strong and bigger than the rest because of eating lots of seals and fish. Even the Romans said the germanica were much larger than them including the women
  • I come from a more linguistic background so it's absolutely fascinating to have a channel like yours flesh out the culture and customs of people like the PIE's but other prehistoric peoples as well. Love your videos!
  • Thanks for not using an annoying dramatic voice. And thank you for not using way to loud music. Subscribed.
  • Bravo sir. I remember in grade school being taught that no civilization ever started without close access to water. It’s obviously because of the food sources it provided. So it seams seafood was a massive part of our early ancestors diets. Side note : My father has diabetes and he has found that the only food that doesn’t boost his sugar levels are grilled and broiled seafoods. Thank you for your work.
  • As any fellow foragers will know it makes total sense to spread seeds and nurture useful plants. Also curious how many useful plants and fungi there are which love growing in disturbed soil left by us. Most plants we consider garden weeds are in some way edible or medicinal. Bit of co-evolution going on there.
  • The fact bears were brought to Ireland by Mesolithic hunters floored me. Had no idea!